·        Others: sellers and contractors, team members and their families, government agencies and media outlets, individual citizens, temporary or permanent lobbying organizations, etc.

Managing stakeholder expectations is difficult because stakeholders often have very different objectives that may come into conflict. For example:

The manager of a department that has requested a new management information system may desire low cost, the system architect may emphasize technical excellence, and the programming contractor may be most interested in maximizing its profit.

·        Projectised organization

·        Functional organization

·        Matrix organization